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<title>Lintel</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lintel</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Lintel_arch" class="mw-redirect" title="Lintel arch">Lintel arch</a>.</div>

<p>A <b>lintel</b> or <b>lintol</b> is a type of <a href="Beam_(structure)" title="Beam (structure)">beam</a> (a horizontal structural element) that spans openings such as <a href="Portal_(architecture)" title="Portal (architecture)">portals</a>, <a href="Door" title="Door">doors</a>, <a href="Window" title="Window">windows</a> and <a href="Fireplace" title="Fireplace">fireplaces</a>. It can be a decorative architectural element, or a combined ornamented/structural item. In the case of windows, the bottom span is referred to as a <a href="Window_sill" title="Window sill">sill</a>, but, unlike a lintel, does not serve to bear a load to ensure the integrity of the wall.

Modern-day lintels may be made using <a href="Prestressed_concrete" title="Prestressed concrete">prestressed concrete</a> and are also referred to as beams in <a href="Beam_and_block" title="Beam and block">beam-and-block</a> slabs or as ribs in rib-and-block slabs. These prestressed concrete lintels and blocks can serve as components that are packed together and propped to form a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Suspended" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:Suspended">suspended</a>-floor <a href="Concrete_slab" title="Concrete slab">concrete slab</a>.

</p><p>An <a href="Arch" title="Arch">arch</a> functions as a curved lintel.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structural_uses">Structural uses</h2></div>

<p>In worldwide architecture of different eras and many cultures, a lintel has been an element of <a href="Post_and_lintel" title="Post and lintel">post and lintel</a> construction. Many different building materials have been used for lintels.<sup id="cite_ref-pittdef_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pittdef-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In <a href="Classical_architecture" title="Classical architecture">classical Western architecture</a> and construction methods, by <i><a href="Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a></i> definition, a lintel is a load-bearing member and is placed over an entranceway.<sup id="cite_ref-pittdef_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pittdef-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lintel may be called an <a href="Architrave" title="Architrave">architrave</a>, but that term has alternative meanings that include more structure besides the lintel. The lintel is a structural element that is usually rested on stone pillars or stacked stone columns, over a portal or entranceway.

</p><p>A lintel may support the chimney above a fireplace, or span the distance of a path or road, forming a stone lintel bridge.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ornamental_uses">Ornamental uses</h2></div>

<p>The use of the lintel form as a decorative building element over portals, with no structural function, has been employed in the architectural traditions and styles of most cultures over the centuries.

</p><p>Examples of the ornamental use of lintels are in the <a href="Hypostyle" title="Hypostyle">hypostyle</a> halls and <a href="Slab_stela" title="Slab stela">slab stelas</a> in <a href="Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a> and the <a href="Indian_rock-cut_architecture" title="Indian rock-cut architecture">Indian rock-cut architecture</a> of <a href="List_of_Buddhist_temples" title="List of Buddhist temples">Buddhist temples</a> in caves. Preceding prehistoric and subsequent Indian Buddhist <a href="Temple" title="Temple">temples</a> were wooden buildings with structural load-bearing wood lintels across openings. The rock-cut excavated cave temples were more durable, and the non-load-bearing carved stone lintels allowed creative ornamental uses of classical Buddhist elements. Highly skilled artisans were able to simulate the look of wood, imitating the nuances of a wooden structure and the wood grain in excavating cave temples from monolithic rock.<sup id="cite_ref-keay_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keay-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

In freestanding Indian building examples, the <a href="Hoysala_architecture" title="Hoysala architecture">Hoysala architecture</a> tradition between the 11th and 14th centuries produced many elaborately carved non-structural stone lintels in the Southern <a href="Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a> region of southern India. The <a href="Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysala Empire</a> era was an important period in the development of art and architecture in the South Indian <a href="Kannadiga" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannadiga">Kannadiga</a> culture. It is remembered today primarily for its <a href="Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Hindu temples</a>' <i><a href="Mandapa" title="Mandapa">mandapa</a></i>, lintels, and other architectural elements, such as at the <a href="Chennakeshava_Temple%2C_Belur" title="Chennakeshava Temple, Belur">Chennakesava Temple</a>.

</p><p>The <a href="Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya civilization</a> in <a href="The_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="The Americas">the Americas</a> was known for its sophisticated art and monumental architecture. The Mayan city of <a href="Yaxchilan" title="Yaxchilan">Yaxchilan</a>, on the <a href="Usumacinta_River" title="Usumacinta River">Usumacinta River</a> in present-day southern Mexico, specialized in the stone carving of ornamental lintel elements within structural stone lintels.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest carved lintels were created in 723 CE. At the Yaxchilan archaeological site there are fifty-eight lintels with decorative pieces spanning the doorways of major structures. Among the finest Mayan carving to be excavated are three temple door lintels that feature narrative scenes of a queen celebrating the king's anointing by a god.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Radiation_protection">Radiation protection</h2></div>

<p>Lintels may also be used to reduce scattered radiation in medical applications. For example, <a href="Linear_particle_accelerator#Medical_linacs" title="Linear particle accelerator">Medical linacs</a> operating at high energies will produce activated neutrons which will be scattered outside the treatment bunker maze with a dose rate that depends on the maze cross section. Lintels may be visible or recessed in the roof of the facility, and reduce dose rate in publicly accessible areas by reducing the maze cross section.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decoration">Decoration</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Atalburu" title="Atalburu">Atalburu</a> – Basque decorative lintel</li>

<li><a href="Marriage_stone" title="Marriage stone">Marriage stone</a> – decorative (can be structural) lintel</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure">Structure</h3></div>

<ul><li><a href="Architrave" title="Architrave">Architrave</a> – structural lintel or beam resting on columns-pillars</li>

<li><a href="Dolmen" title="Dolmen">Dolmen</a> – prehistoric megalithic tombs with structural stone lintels</li>

<li><a href="Dougong" title="Dougong">Dougong</a> – traditional Chinese structural element</li>

<li><a href="I-beam" title="I-beam">I-beam</a> – steel lintels and beams</li>

<li><a href="Post_and_lintel" title="Post and lintel">Post and lintel</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div>

<div class="gallerytext">Structural lintel over entrance, <a href="Treasury_of_Atreus" title="Treasury of Atreus">Treasury of Atreus</a>, Mycenae, Greece</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">A <a href="Trilithon" title="Trilithon">trilithon</a> at Stonehenge, showing a lintel stone supported by two large post stones</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">The lintel stone at the <a href="Treasury_of_Atreus" title="Treasury of Atreus">Treasury of Atreus</a> (external view)</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">The lintel stone at the <a href="Treasury_of_Atreus" title="Treasury of Atreus">Treasury of Atreus</a> (internal view)</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Structural lintel over the entry to main Buddhist shrine, <a href="Phimai_historical_park" class="mw-redirect" title="Phimai historical park">Phimai historical park</a>, Thailand</div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Shebna_Inscription" class="mw-redirect" title="Shebna Inscription">Shebna Inscription</a> on a lintel of a tomb cave near <a href="Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, 8th/7th century BCE</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Structural lintel with a <a href="Lauburu" title="Lauburu">lauburu</a> and founders' names, above traditional <a href="Basque_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque people">Basque</a> houses in <a href="Lower_Navarre" title="Lower Navarre">Lower Navarre</a>, Spain</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Non-structural Mayan ornamental lintel stone, from the <a href="Yaxchilan" title="Yaxchilan">Yaxchilan</a> city site in Chiapas, southern Mexico. (Late Classic period, 600-900 CE).</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Non-structural decorative lintel at Buddhist <a href="Banteay_Srei" title="Banteay Srei">Banteay Srei</a>, in Cambodia</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Non-structural lintel in Buddhist cave temple at <a href="Ellora_Caves" title="Ellora Caves">Ellora Caves</a>, India</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Door lintel in <a href="Bozen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bozen">Bozen-Bolzano</a> from 1632 with Elias Tagger's coat of arms, South Tyrol, Italy</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Non-structural <a href="Marriage_stone" title="Marriage stone">marriage stone</a> lintel at 'The Hill' farm, <a href="Dunlop%2C_East_Ayrshire" title="Dunlop, East Ayrshire">Dunlop, East Ayrshire</a>, Scotland</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">One of many 16th century door lintels in Edinburgh's <a href="Old_Town%2C_Edinburgh" title="Old Town, Edinburgh">Old Town</a></div>

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<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Simonsbath_House" title="Simonsbath House">Simonsbath House</a>, Simonsbath, Exmoor Parish, Devon. Wooden lintel over kitchen fireplace with carved date of 1654</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Lintel above the entrance to <a href="Jagdschloss_Grunewald" title="Jagdschloss Grunewald">Jagdschloss Grunewald</a>, Germany</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Lintel above a door from Paris</div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <wbr><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lintels" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Lintels">Lintels</a></b></i> and <wbr><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Post_and_Beam" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Post and Beam">Post and Beam</a></b></i>.</div></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lintel" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:lintel">lintel</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div>

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<ul><li><a href="Span_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Span (architecture)">Span (architecture)</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFOwen1849" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Robert_Dale_Owen" title="Robert Dale Owen">Owen, Robert Dale</a> (1849). "Concerning the two great divisions of manner in architecture". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ey47AAAAMAAJ"><i>Hints on Public Architecture: Containing, Among Other Illustrations, Views and Plans of the Smithsonian Institution</i></a>. Smithsonian Institution. Publication. New York: G.P. Putnam. p. 25. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781404746824</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2023</span>. <q>[...] at last [...] it occurred to some philosopher or mechanic [...] that by arranging small wedge-shaped stones or other materials in a semicircular form, a sort of curved lintel could be obtained, which, though composed of many distinct parts, could be stretched from pier to pier, or from pillar to pillar [...]. [...] There have been, in some stone constructions, what may be regarded as intermediate steps between the lintel and the arch.</q></cite> <span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite book}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment">ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)</span> </span>

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<cite id="CITEREFCurley2009" class="citation book cs1">Curley, Robert, ed. (1 October 2009). "Building Construction and Civil Engineering". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LcSbAAAAQBAJ"><i>The Britannica Guide to Inventions That Changed the Modern World</i></a>. Turning Points in History. New York: Britannica Educational Publishing. p. 194. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781615300648</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2023</span>. <q>The arch can be called a curved lintel.</q></cite> </span>

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<li id="cite_note-pittdef-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pittdef_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pittdef_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pitt.edu/~medart/menuglossary/lintel.htm">"Glossary of Medieval Art and Architecture - Lintel"</a>. University of Pittsburgh<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-06-25</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-keay-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-keay_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKeay2000" class="citation book cs1">Keay, John (2000). <i>India: A History</i>. New York: Grove Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">124–</span>127. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-8021-3797-5</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brickworkpointing.co.uk/lintelrepair">"Lintel Repair"</a>. <i>Lintel Repair</i>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMartinGrube2000" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Simon; Grube, Nikolai (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart/page/117"><i>Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens</i></a></span>. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chronicleofmayak00mart/page/117">117, 125</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-500-05103-0</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan2006" class="citation journal cs1">Morgan, Helen (2006). "NCRP Report 151 Structural shielding design and evaluation for megavoltage x-and gamma-ray radiotherapy facilities". <i>Journal of Radiological Protection</i>. <b>26</b> (3): 349. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0952-4746%2F26%2F3%2FB01">10.1088/0952-4746/26/3/B01</a>.</cite></span>

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